Niccolò Gualtieri (1688–1744) was an Italian doctor and malacologist. In 1742, he published Index Testarum Conchyliorum, quae adservantur in Museo Nicolai Gualtieri (translation: List of the shells of shellfish which are preserved in the museum of Niccolò Gualtieri). Gualtieri was a professor at the University of Pisa. He was amongst the first to depict the argonaut. His collections are deposited at the Museo storia naturale di Pisa.